Facts and figures on Mongolia
- Location
- Landlocked in between the bear, the Russian Federation, and the dragon, China.
- Area
- The 6th largest country in Asia, and the 18th largest in the world.
- Surface area
- 1.566.500 square km.
- Average altitude
- 1.580m above sea level.
- Altitude capital Ulaanbaatar
- 1.350m above sea level.
- Lowest point: Hoh Nuur
- 518 m above sea level.
- Highest point: Nayramadlin Orgil
- 4,374 m above sea level.
- Geographic coordinates
- 46 00 N, 105 00 E
- Coldest month: January
- Average temperature : - 35C
- Warmest month: July
- Average temperature: +25C
- Climate
- Extreme continental; Desert.
(large temperature ranges, both daily and seasonal).
- Terrain
- Steppe, semidesert and desert plains, mountains.
- Sunshine
- Over 260 sunny days a year , often with clear cloudless skies.
- Rainfall and Snow
- Snow and rainfall are very low, the climate being arid. However, enough rain usually occurs in July and August to swell rivers, and snow blizzards can occur in winter. The highest peaks have small glaciers.
- Currency
- Tugrug. 1Tugrug=100 mungu
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- Exchange rate
- 1211 Tugrugs = 1 USd (Jan, 2005)
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- Nationality
- Mongolian
- Population
- 2.3 million people, and one of the lowest population densities in the world. 1.5 inhabitants per 1 sq.km.
- Literacy
- Very high, in excess of 80%.
- Ethnic groups
- 85% Mongol, mostly Khalkha Mongol.
7% Turkic (mainly Kazakh),
4.6% Tungusic
3.4% other groups.
Four million Mongols live outside Mongolia.
- Language
- Over 90% Khalkha Mongol ('Mongolian Language'). The script is Cyrillic due to Russian influence but a switch back to traditional script has begun in schools. Minor languages include Kazakh.
- Religion
- 94% Tibetan Buddhist Lamas , also elements of Shamanism.
6% Muslim (mainly in the south- west).
- Government of Mongolia
- Parliamentary , with President second in authority to State Great Hural (Parliament) .
- Constitution
- 1960 and 1992, some revision 1996.
- new! - Livestock Numbers
- According to the 2004 livestock census, the number of livestock in Mongolia was 27,996,800: up 10% on 2003.
Preliminary estimates indicate that there are 1,999,600 horses, 1,835,500 cows, 11,659,000 sheep and 12,215,400 goats. Compared with 2003 the number of horses has increased by 30,700; cows by 42,600; sheep by 903,500 and goats by 1,562,700. The number of camels fell by 400 to 256,300.
- Administrative subdivisions
- 21 Aimags (provinces),
capital city
3 autonomous cities ( Darkhan, Erdenet, Choir)
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Mongolia according to the UN Human Development Report 2002, compared to the Netherlands.
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Mongolia |
Netherlands |
| Life expectancy at birth |
62,9 |
78,1 |
| GDP per capita (USD) |
1,783 |
25,657 |
| Population under age 15 |
35,2% |
18,3% |
| Percentage of women working |
73,5% |
45,4% |
| Percentage of GNP spent on education 85-87 |
11,7% |
6,9% |
| Percentage of GNP spent on education 95-97 |
5,7% |
5,1% |
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